Turing Game by scch { }

To the Game

A Markovian decision process

by | Jan 1, 1970 | Reinforcement Learning

R. Bellman's 1957 paper, “A Markovian Decision Process,” published in the Journal of Mathematics and Mechanics, presents the foundational framework of Markov decision processes (MDPs). Bellman details the mathematical formulation of MDPs, providing a...

Steps toward Artificial Intelligence

by | Jan 1, 1970 | Reinforcement Learning

M. Minsky's 1961 paper, “Steps Toward Artificial Intelligence,” published in the Proceedings of the IRE, provides a comprehensive overview of the foundational concepts, goals, and challenges in the emerging field of artificial intelligence (AI)....

Experimental Psychology

by | Jan 1, 1970 | Reinforcement Learning

“Experimental Psychology” by Robert Sessions Woodworth and Harold Schlosberg, published in 1954 by Oxford and IBH Publishing, is a foundational textbook offering a comprehensive overview of experimental psychology. The book is structured into sections that...

Intelligent Machinery

by | Dec 31, 1948 | Reinforcement Learning

Alan Turing, in his exploration of artificial intelligence and machine learning, introduced the concept of a system that operates based on principles similar to the “Law of Effect,” which he referred to as the “pleasure-pain system.” This...