Dartmouth Workshop on AI

The Dartmouth Workshop on Artificial Intelligence, held in the summer of 1956 at Dartmouth College, is widely regarded as the founding event of artificial intelligence as a field of study. Organized by John McCarthy, Marvin Minsky, Nathaniel Rochester, and Claude...

McCulloch-Pitts Neuron

The McCulloch-Pitts neuron, introduced by Warren McCulloch and Walter Pitts in 1943, describes the behavior of actual neural networks. It serves as one of the earliest formal models of a neuron and laid the groundwork for the development of artificial neural networks....

Ising’s model

The first non-learning recurrent neural network (RNN) architecture, known as the Ising model or Lenz-Ising model, was introduced and analyzed by physicists Ernst Ising and Wilhelm Lenz in the 1920s. This model was originally developed to understand ferromagnetism in...

The Turing Machine

The Turing machine, introduced by Alan Turing in 1936, is a fundamental theoretical model in computer science and mathematics. Designed to formalize the notion of computation, the Turing machine explores the limits of what can be computed. Despite its simplicity, it...